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SN 2006gy
SN 2006gy was an extremely energetic supernova, sometimes referred to as a hypernova or quark-nova, that was discovered on September 18, 2006. It was first observed by Robert Quimby and P. Mondol,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 List of Supernovae )〕〔(IAU Circular No. 8754 ), accessed May 8, 2007〕 and then studied by several teams of astronomers using facilities that included the Chandra, Lick, and Keck Observatories. In May 2007 NASA and several of the astronomers announced the first detailed analyses of the supernova, describing it as the "brightest stellar explosion ever recorded".〔(''NASA's Chandra Sees Brightest Supernova Ever'' ), NASA Press Release on the Discovery, May 7, 2007〕 In October 2007 Quimby announced that SN 2005ap had broken SN 2006gy's record as the brightest ever recorded supernova, and several subsequent discoveries are brighter still. Time magazine listed the discovery of SN 2006gy as third in its Top 10 Scientific Discoveries for 2007.〔("Top 10 Scientific Discoveries: #3. Brightest Supernova Recorded" ), ''Time'', 2007〕
==Characteristics==
SN 2006gy occurred in a distant galaxy (NGC 1260), approximately 238 million〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Fast Facts for SN2006gy )〕 light years (73 megaparsecs) away. Therefore, due to the time it took light from the supernova to reach Earth, the event occurred about 238 million years ago. The energy radiated by the explosion has been estimated at 1051 ergs (1044 J), making it a hundred times more powerful than the typical supernova explosion which radiates 1049 ergs (1042 J) of energy. Although at its peak the SN 2006gy supernova was intrinsically 400 times as luminous as SN 1987A, which was bright enough to be seen by the naked eye, SN 2006gy was more than 1,400 times as far away as SN 1987A, and too far away to be seen without a telescope.
SN 2006gy is classified as a type II supernova because it showed lines of hydrogen in its spectrum, although the extreme brightness indicates that it is different from the typical type II supernova. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed for such a violent explosion, all requiring a very massive progenitor star.〔 The most likely explanations involve the efficient conversion of explosive kinetic energy to radiation by interaction with circumstantial material, similar to a type IIn supernova but on a larger scale. Such a scenario might occur following mass loss of in a luminous blue variable eruption, or through pulsational pair instability ejections. Denis Leahy and Rachid Ouyed, Canadian scientists from the University of Calgary have proposed that SN 2006gy was the birth of a quark star.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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